Tenants often wonder whether the law requires their landlord to make repairs. Tenants want to know what their rights are when their apartment has mold, pests, broken appliances, or other problems.

Required Repairs

Texas law states that a landlord must make a diligent effort to repair a problem if it "materially affects the physical health or safety of an ordinary tenant."

The law itself does not provide examples of required repairs, but the Texas Young Lawyers Association publishes a Tenants’ Rights Handbook that explains what this phrase might mean on page 11:

Examples of items that materially affect the health and safety of an ordinary tenant are sewage backups, roaches, rats, no hot water, faulty wiring, roof leaks, and, sometimes, a lack of heat or air conditioning. If the problem violates a provision of your city’s building, health, or fire code, then it is more likely to be considered a health or safety risk.

Requirements for a Repair

Under Section 92.052 of the Texas Property Code, a few requirements must be met before the landlord is required to make the repair:

• The tenant must be current on their rent
• The tenant must have let their landlord know about the problem by giving notice to the person or place where they normally pay their rent; and
• The problem was not caused by the tenant or one of their friends, family, or guests (unless it was a result of normal wear and tear)

Read the Lease Agreement

A lease agreement may give a landlord more repair responsibilities than the law requires. For example, a lease might say a landlord will maintain all appliances in working order. It is important to read the details in your lease. It may tell you how to request a repair.

Fixing problems like mold and pests often falls under laws related to repairs. It is important to read your lease to see if it has information about mold & pests.

Understanding the Law

Section 92.056 of the Texas Property Code requires a tenant to take several steps before the landlord is considered to be liable to them. A landlord's liability allows a tenant to to take certain actions like ending the lease or deducting the cost of repairs from the rent. The following steps must be followed before the tenant can take any of those actions:

1. Tell the landlord about the problem by giving notice to the person or place where rent is normally paid. This does not have to be in writing unless there is a written lease that says so.
2. Give the landlord a "reasonable" amount of time to make the repairs. Subsection (d) defines this as 7 days, although this can be challenged based on the severity of the problem and the availability of material and labor to fix it.
3. If the problem has not been fixed after a "reasonable" amount of time, send another notice in writing.
4. Give the landlord another "reasonable" period of time to make the repairs.

The repair process can be fast-tracked by sending the initial notice "by certified mail, return receipt requested, by registered mail, or by another form of mail that allows tracking of delivery from the United States Postal Service or private delivery service." If the tenant does this, a second notice is not required.

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What is landlord retaliation?

Some tenants fear that their landlord will punish them if they complain about problems with their apartment. This kind of punishment is called "retaliation." Section 92.331 of the Texas Property Code describes unlawful landlord retaliation, noting:

A landlord may not retaliate against a tenant by taking an action described by Subsection (b) because the tenant:

  (1) in good faith exercises or attempts to exercise against a landlord a right or remedy granted to the tenant by lease, municipal ordinance, or federal or state statute;

  (2) gives a landlord a notice to repair or exercise a remedy under this chapter;

  (3) complains to a governmental entity responsible for enforcing building or housing codes, a public utility, or a civic or nonprofit agency, and the tenant:

    (A) claims a building or housing code violation or utility problem; and

    (B) believes in good faith that the complaint is valid and that the violation or problem occurred; or

  (4) establishes, attempts to establish, or participates in a tenant organization.

What is prohibited?

Under this law, a landlord may not retaliate by:

• filing eviction proceedings (unless in certain circumstances listed in Section 92.332, like when a tenant is behind in rent, has intentionally damaged the property, or remains in the property after their lease has ended);
• depriving the tenant of use of the premises;
• decreasing services to the tenant;
• raising the rent or ending the lease; or 
• "[e]ngaging, in bad faith, in a course of conduct that materially interferes with the tenant's rights under the tenant's lease."

What remedies does a tenant have?

Section 92.333 says a tenant may recover the following from a landlord:

• a civil penalty of one month's rent plus $500;
• actual damages;
• court costs; and
• reasonable attorney's fees.

The statute has more details about the types of suits a tenant could file. It also says that the court will subtract delinquent rents or other debts the tenant owes.

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